hard
美 [hɑrd]
英 [hɑː(r)d]
- adv.努力地；艰难地；费力地；猛烈地
- adj.坚固的；坚硬的；结实的；难做的
- n.〈英〉硬海滩；〈英俚〉(囚犯的)强迫苦役
- 网络困难；困难的
比较级：harder 最高级：hardest 复数：hards
adj.+n.
hard work,hard time,study hard,hard life,hard worker
adv.+v.
hit hard,think hard,hard fight,hard take,hard save
hard
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坚固；坚硬solid/stiff
1. | 坚固的；坚硬的；结实的solid, firm or stiff and difficult to bend or break |
Wait for the concrete to go hard. 等待混凝土凝结。 | |
a hard mattress 硬床垫 | |
Diamonds are the hardest known mineral. 钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。 |
不易difficult
2. | 难做的；难懂的；难以回答的difficult to do, understand or answer |
a hard choice/question 为难的选择；难以回答的问题 | |
It is hard to believe that she's only nine. 很难相信她只有九岁。 | |
It's hard to see how they can lose. 很难理解他们怎么会输。 | |
‘When will the job be finished?’ ‘It's hard to say .’(= it is difficult to be certain) “这项工作什么时候能完成？”“难说。” | |
I find his attitude very hard to take(= difficult to accept) . 他的态度让我难以接受。 | |
We're finding reliable staff hard to come by(= difficult to get) . 我们觉得难以找到可靠的职员。 | |
It's hard for old people to change their ways. 老年人难以改变他们的习惯。 | |
It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own. 她一个人抚养四个孩子一定很艰难。 |
3. | 困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money |
Times were hard at the end of the war. 战争后期生活很艰苦。 | |
She's had a hard life. 她一生艰苦。 |
费力；用力needing/using effort
4. | 耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort |
It's hard work shovelling snow. 铲雪是个苦活儿。 | |
I've had a long hard day. 我度过了漫长辛苦的一天。 |
5. | 努力的；勤劳的putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity |
She's a very hard worker. 她工作很卖力。 | |
He's hard at work on a new novel. 他正努力忙着写一本新小说。 | |
When I left they were all still hard at it(= working hard) . 我离开的时候他们都还在努力工作。 |
6. | 用力的；猛烈的done with a lot of strength or force |
He gave the door a good hard kick. 他狠狠踢了一下门。 | |
a hard punch 砰的一拳 |
缺乏同情心without sympathy
7. | 冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的showing no sympathy or affection |
My father was a hard man. 我父亲是个不讲情面的人。 | |
She gave me a hard stare. 她狠狠地看了我一眼。 | |
He said some very hard things to me. 他对我说了些很不近人情的话。 |
不畏惧not afraid
8. | (informal) 准备战斗的；不软弱退缩的ready to fight and showing no signs of fear or weakness |
Come and get me if you think you're hard enough. 你要是觉得自己有种，就冲着我来吧。 | |
You think you're really hard, don't you? 你是不是以为自己真的很勇猛？ |
事实；证据facts/evidence
9. | [obn] 确凿的；可证实的；可靠的definitely true and based on information that can be proved |
Is there any hard evidence either way? 不管正反，有什么确凿证据吗？ | |
The newspaper story is based on hard facts . 报纸的这篇报道有可靠的事实根据。 |
天气weather
10. | 寒冷的；凛冽的very cold and severe |
It had been a hard winter . 那年的冬天特别冷。 | |
There was a hard frost that night. 那天晚上寒冷多霜。 |
饮料drink
11. | [obn] 酒精浓度高的；烈性的strongly alcoholic |
hard liquor 烈酒 | |
a drop of the hard stuff(= a strong alcoholic drink) 少许烈酒 |
水water
12. | 硬的（含钙及镁等可溶性盐较多）containing calcium and other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficult |
a hard water area 硬水区 | |
Our water is very hard. 我们的水很硬。 |
辅音consonants
13. | 硬音的（如字母 c 或 g 在 cat 或 go 等词中的发音）used to describe a letter <ei>c</ei> or <ei>g</ei> when pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’, rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’ |
IDM
Don't be too hard on him─he's very young. 别对他太苛刻了，他还很小呢。 |
It's hard on people who don't have a car. 对于没有车的人来说，这不公平。 |
Looking at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes. 成天盯着计算机屏幕可能会对眼睛造成严重损害。 |
be hard on sb/sth
严厉对待，严格批评（某人或某事）to treat or criticize sb in a very severe or strict way
Don't be too hard on him─he's very young. 别对他太苛刻了，他还很小呢。 |
使…为难；对…不公平to be difficult for or unfair to sb/sth
It's hard on people who don't have a car. 对于没有车的人来说，这不公平。 |
可能损伤，可能损坏（某物）to be likely to hurt or damage sth
Looking at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes. 成天盯着计算机屏幕可能会对眼睛造成严重损害。 |
drive/strike a hard bargain
狠狠地杀价to argue in an aggressive way and force sb to agree on the best possible price or arrangement
They really gave me a hard time at the interview. 面试时他们确实是在难为我。 |
give sb a hard time
给某人找茬儿；使某人不好过to deliberately make a situation difficult and unpleasant for sb
They really gave me a hard time at the interview. 面试时他们确实是在难为我。 |
There are no hard and fast rules about this. 这事没有什么硬性的规定。 |
hard and fast
板上钉钉；不容更改that cannot be changed in any circumstances
There are no hard and fast rules about this. 这事没有什么硬性的规定。 |
(as) hard as nails
冷酷无情；铁石心肠；毫无惧色showing no sympathy, kindness or fear
hard cheese
(informal)
（常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉used as a way of saying that you are sorry about sth, usually ironically(= you really mean the opposite)
I'm finding his latest novel very hard going. 我觉得他最近的这部小说很晦涩。 |
hard going
难懂；费力difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort
I'm finding his latest novel very hard going. 我觉得他最近的这部小说很晦涩。 |
‘Failed again, I'm afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’ “恐怕我又失败了。”“哦，太不幸了。” |
hard luck/lines
（表示惋惜）真遗憾，太不幸了used to tell sb that you feel sorry for them
‘Failed again, I'm afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’ “恐怕我又失败了。”“哦，太不幸了。” |
She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way . 她不肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。 |
the hard way
通过痛苦的经历；通过出错by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakes
She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way . 她不肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。 |
make hard work of sth
在某事上耗费过多时间（或精力）；费冤枉力to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary
It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh? 看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？ |
no hard feelings
（向争论或打败的对方表示继续友好）别往心里去，别记恨used to tell sb you have been arguing with or have beaten in a contest that you would still like to be friendly with them
It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh? 看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？ |
play hard to get
(informal)
故作姿态；故意摆谱；佯装拿架子to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do sth
I can't be bothered making a hot meal─it's too much like hard work. 我懒得做热饭热菜，太麻烦了。 |
too much like hard work
太费力needing too much effort
I can't be bothered making a hot meal─it's too much like hard work. 我懒得做热饭热菜，太麻烦了。 |
努力with effort
1. | 努力地；费力地；艰难地with great effort; with difficulty |
to work hard 努力工作 | |
You must try harder . 你得更加努力。 | |
She tried her hardest not to show how disappointed she was. 她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。 | |
Don't hit it so hard! 别这么用力打！ | |
He was still breathing hard after his run. 他跑完步，现在还气喘吁吁的。 | |
Our victory was hard won(= won with great difficulty) . 我们的胜利来之不易。 |
猛力with force
2. | 猛力地；猛烈地with great force |
Small businesses have been hit hard / hard hit by the recession. 小企业受到了经济衰退的沉重打击。 |
仔细carefully
3. | 彻底认真地very carefully and thoroughly |
to think hard 认真思考 | |
We thought long and hard before deciding to move house. 我们经过长久慎重的考虑之后才决定搬家。 |
大量a lot
4. | 沉重地；大量地；长时间地heavily; a lot or for a long time |
It was raining hard when we set off. 我们出发时正下着大雨。 |
左；右left/right
5. | 向左（或右）急转弯at a sharp angle to the left/right |
Turn hard right at the next junction. 在下个路口处向右急转弯。 |
IDM
She has every right to feel hard done by─her parents have given her nothing. 她完全有理由觉得委屈，她父母什么都没给她。 |
be/feel hard done by
(informal)
受到不公平待遇；感到委屈to be or feel unfairly treated
She has every right to feel hard done by─her parents have given her nothing. 她完全有理由觉得委屈，她父母什么都没给她。 |
He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance. 他很难对她的消失作出解释。 |
be hard pressed/pushed to do sth|be hard put (to it) to do sth
很难做某事to find it very difficult to do sth
He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance. 他很难对她的消失作出解释。 |
We're hard up for ideas. 我们再想不出主意了。 |
be hard up for sth
某物匮乏to have too few or too little of sth
We're hard up for ideas. 我们再想不出主意了。 |
His death followed hard on hers. 她死后不久，他也死了。 |
hard on sth
紧接着very soon after
His death followed hard on hers. 她死后不久，他也死了。 |
He took his wife's death very hard. 他对妻子的死感到很难过。 |
take sth hard
为某事很苦恼（或难受）to be very upset by sth
He took his wife's death very hard. 他对妻子的死感到很难过。 |